25 Days Uganda and Rwanda Birding Safari

Discover a wealth of unique birds in two of East Africa’s lesser-known gems on this 25-day  Uganda and Rwanda birding safari tailored and guided by Superfine Safaris Limited. Spot rare bird species, witness incredible biodiversity across over 11 safari destinations, including national parks, lakes, and urban birding spots, and enjoy a truly unique experience with visits to these locations. Highlights include spotting shoebill storks, tracking mountain gorillas through Bwindi National Park, and taking an aerial canopy walk through Nyungwe Forest.

Highlights

• Get a chance to meet Uganda’s only population of southern white Rhinos in Ziwa Rhino Sanctuary.
• Explore different bird species in all the listed safari destinations.
• Observe endangered mountain gorillas in the wild at Bwindi Impenetrable National Park.
• Search for big game in Murchison, Akagera, and Queen Elizabeth National Parks.

Brief Itinerary

Day 1: Arrival in Entebbe, Uganda.

Day 2: Entebbe Birding excursion: Mabamba Wetland.

Day 3: Drive from Entebbe to Murchison Falls National Park via Ziwa Rhino Sanctuary.

Day 4: Murchison Birding Tour: Morning Delta Boat ride and afternoon boat ride to the bottom of the falls.

Day 5: Morning and afternoon game drives.

Day 6: Morning Budongo Forest birding and afternoon top of the falls tour.

Day 7: Drive to Kibale National Park.

Day 8: Morning Kibale Forest Birding tour and afternoon chimpanzee trek.

Day 9: Kibale to Semliki National Park.

Day 10: Full-day Semliki National Park birding tour.

Day 11: Drive from Semliki National Park to Queen Elizabeth National Park.

Day 12: Morning game drive and afternoon boat ride on Kazinga Channel.

Day 13: Queen Elizabeth National Park to Bwindi Impenetrable National Park.

Day 14: Bwindi Gorilla Trekking Tour and afternoon village tour.

Day 15: Morning Bwindi Forest Birding Tour and Drive to Ruhija sector.

Day 16: Ruhija to Lake Bunyonyi.

Day 17: Lake Bunyonyi Birding Tour.

Day 18: Drive to Kigali City.

Day 19: Kigali City to Akagera National Park.

Day 20: Akagera morning game drive and afternoon boat ride on Lake Ihema.

Day 21: Akagera National Park to Nyungwe Forest National Park.

Day 22: Nyungwe Birding Tour.

Day 23: Nyungwe Forest to Volcanoes National Park.

Day 24: Morning Volcanoes Birding Tour and optional visit to Gorilla Guardian Village.

Day 25: Departure for Kigali, and onward flight.

Detailed Itinerary

Day 1: Arrival in Entebbe, Uganda

Welcome to the vibrant Entebbe, the gateway to the Pearl of Africa. Meet your safari driver outside the Airport building for a transfer to the Hotel. Depending on the time you arrive, you will enjoy a tour of the Town after settling in, starting with the phenomenal Entebbe Crafts Village. You will browse the wide range of homemade products, which include hand-carved wooden sculptures, craft baskets, woven textiles, and jewelry.

Time permitting, you will stop at Entebbe Botanical Gardens for a short birding tour, which involves walking through the vegetation-filled paths while keeping an eye out for the colorful species. Catch a brief sunset view over Lake Victoria and retire for dinner and overnight at the Hotel.

Overnight at: Hotel Number Five (luxury), Boma Guesthouse (midrange), or Papyrus Guesthouse (budget).

Meal Plan: Visitors’ account.

Day 2: Entebbe Birding Excursion: Mabamba Wetland

Entebbe is a serene and lush Town, set on the Lake Victoria Peninsula. It has several outstanding birding spots that include Mabamba Wetland Sanctuary. This morning, you will embark on a drive to the Lake Victoria pier for a ride on a speed boat and followed by a slow canoe ride to maneuver through the swamp to sight wetland bird species that include the iconic shoebill storks. Get your camera and binoculars set while spotting different bird species, and this lasts about 3 hours in total.

Later, return to the Hotel for lunch and afternoon excursions. You can choose to relax for the rest of the day or enjoy a tour of the Town.

Overnight at: Hotel Number Five (luxury), Boma Guesthouse (midrange), or Papyrus Guesthouse (budget).

Meal Plan: Breakfast, Lunch, and Dinner.

Day 3: Drive from Entebbe to Murchison Falls National Park via Ziwa Rhino Sanctuary

After breakfast, move to the lounge for a briefing and later pack your bags for a transfer to Murchison Falls National Park, Uganda’s oldest and largest National Park. En route, stop at Ziwa Rhino Sanctuary for a Rhino tracking excursion to meet some of the country’s population of southern white Rhinos in the wild. Meet your experienced Ranger guide and head out on the 1-2-hour tracking tour to discover more about these endangered creatures and learn about the Sanctuary’s central role in protecting them in their natural habitat. Interestingly, this Sanctuary is also home to several bird species, which you will spot during the Rhino tracking tour.

Spend time watching and taking photos of the Rhinos, then stop for lunch at Amuka Safari Lodge. Hop on the jeep and proceed to Murchison Falls National Park. Time permitting, you will visit the top of the falls for photography.

Overnight at: Nile Safari Lodge (luxury), Pakuba Safari Lodge (midrange), or Heritage Safari Lodge (budget).

Meal Plan: Breakfast, Lunch, and Dinner.

Day 4: Murchison Birding Tour: Morning Delta Boat ride and afternoon boat ride to the bottom of the falls.

Start your Murchison Birding Tour with a drive to the Nile Delta for a boat ride. This is one of the renowned birding spots, popular for the iconic shoebill storks. There are also Goliath herons, Saddle-billed storks, Great egrets, Abdim’s storks, African openbill storks, Squacco herons, African jacana, African fish eagles, and many others. Lunch will be at the Lodge.

In the afternoon, you will head for the boat ride to the bottom of the falls, an excellent wildlife and bird watching experience. You will see lots of wildlife, especially Hippos, Nile crocodiles, elephants, buffaloes, and antelopes, as well as lots of birds that include the African fish eagles, pink-backed pelicans, giant kingfishers, and so much more. After this action-packed afternoon, retire to the Lodge for dinner and overnight.

Overnight at: Nile Safari Lodge (luxury), Pakuba Safari Lodge (midrange), or Heritage Safari Lodge (budget).

Meal Plan: Breakfast, Lunch, and Dinner.

Day 5: Morning and afternoon game drives

The fifth day of your 25-day Uganda & Rwanda Birding safari starts early with a game drive through the spectacular National Park to see animals that call it home. Hop on the jeep and navigate the rugged terrains as anticipation builds with each single turn. Look out for Cape buffaloes, Uganda Kobs, Defassa waterbucks, African bush elephants, Rothschild’s giraffes, and others grazing/browsing in various vegetation types. If you’re lucky, you might spot leopards and lions prowling across the savannah to find their prey, and while at it, don’t forget to look to the skies as there are more than 500 species to look out for in the Protected Area. Lunch at the Lodge.

Explore Murchison Falls National Park from the water next as you embark on a two-hour boat cruise to the bottom of the waterfalls. Keep your eyes peeled for the wildlife- elephants, buffaloes, Hippos, and antelopes, as well as lots of bird species- African fish eagles, pelicans, and Kingfishers. The thunderous roar of the rushing waters fringed by the verdant greenery, as well as the sheer cliffs, will greet you as you get to the bottom. After this rewarding afternoon, return to the Lodge to relax, have dinner, and overnight.

Overnight at: Nile Safari Lodge (luxury), Pakuba Safari Lodge (midrange), or Heritage Safari Lodge (budget).

Meal Plan: Breakfast, Lunch, and Dinner.

Day 6: Morning Budongo Forest birding and afternoon top of the falls tour

Today’s birding adventure includes a visit to Budongo Forest Reserve, which is home to more than 300 bird species, including the African emerald cuckoo, black and white casqued hornbills, speckled tinkerbird, crown eagle, black-headed paradise flycatchers, yellow-spotted barbet, Dusky long-tailed cuckoo, Chestnut capped flycatcher, slender-billed Greenbul, African shrike flycatchers, and other species representative of the African forest and Uganda.

At the appointed time, your safari guide will transfer you to the renowned Royal Mile and Busingiro, before returning to the Lodge for lunch. In these areas, you will see the African Emerald Cuckoo, Chestnut-capped Flycatcher, Yellow Crested Woodpecker, Cassin’s Hawk Eagle, African Dwarf and Chocolate-backed Kingfisher, Rufous-crowned Eremomela, and enjoy the tour led by a bird expert.

Overnight at: Nile Safari Lodge (luxury), Pakuba Safari Lodge (midrange), or Heritage Safari Lodge (budget).

Meal Plan: Breakfast, Lunch, and Dinner.

Day 7: Drive to Kibale Forest National Park

Trade one phenomenal birding destination for another this morning as you set off on the 7-8-hour scenic drive southwest to Kibale Forest National Park, also referred to as the “Primate Capital of the World”. As you traverse the countryside, you will enjoy views of the changing landscapes, from rolling savannah hills and dense forests, hence creating a striking contrast to the open plains of Uganda’s oldest and largest National Park. Stop for a mouthwatering lunch in Fort Portal Town before proceeding to the Lodge. Settle in and unwind after the long, tiring drive.

Overnight at: Kyaninga Lodge (luxury), Turaco Treetops Lodge (midrange), or Kibale Lodge (budget).

Meal Plan: Breakfast, Lunch, and Dinner.

Day 8: Morning Kibale Forest Birding tour and afternoon chimpanzee trek

This morning, you will be immersed in the captivating World of primates and forest birds at Kibale Forest National Park, covering 795 square kilometers. Thanks to its diverse natural habitats (including evergreen and semi-deciduous forest, grasslands, woodland, and wetlands), this Forest provides an unforgettable opportunity to listen, watch, and photograph a wide array of bird species. Enjoy the guided birding tour along the stunning pathways of the Forest and get ready to expand your bird checklist as you encounter 50 to 100 of the 375 bird species found here. Stop for lunch at Tinker’s homestay for a taste of a typical Ugandan meal.

In the afternoon, meet your guide for a transfer back to the forest to search for chimpanzees in the lush green forest. After the 30-minute safety briefing, lace up your hiking boots before heading into the forest to search for the primates. This will take anywhere between one and four hours, depending on where they were nested the previous night. While you walk, you will see other primates and birds, hence keep your eyes peeled. When sighted, spend one hour watching them swing effortlessly from one tree branch to another, groom, play, rest, or feed.

After one hour with these endangered primates, return to the Lodge to unwind and enjoy the remainder of the afternoon.

Overnight at: Kyaninga Lodge (luxury), Turaco Treetops Lodge (midrange), or Kibale Lodge (budget).

Meal Plan: Breakfast, Lunch, and Dinner.

Day 9: Kibale to Semliki National Park

This morning, your safari driver will meet you for the two to three-hour transfer to Semliki National Park, East Africa’s only lowland tropical rainforest, located in Bundibugyo district. You will enjoy views of the countryside on the way and arrive at the Lodge on time for lunch.

You will have the rest of the afternoon at leisure, unwinding and enjoying views of the surrounding landscapes.

Overnight at: Semliki Safari Lodge (luxury), Lake Mwamba Lodge (midrange), or Kirumia Guest House (budget).

Meal Plan: Breakfast, Lunch, and Dinner.

Day 10: Full-day Semliki National Park birding tour

Rise and shine to the beautiful sounds of Mother Nature around Semliki National Park this morning. After breakfast, take a guided walk through the Kirumia Trail for a chance to see several species, including the Guinea-Congo Biome species.

Look out for species such as the Rufous-crowned Eremomela, Long-tailed Hawk, African Dwarf Kingfishers, Chestnut-winged Starling, Nkurengu Rail, Eastern Bearded Greenbul, Chestnut-breasted Negrofinch, Black-wattled Casqued Hornbills, Ituri Batis, Congo Serpent Eagle, Rufous-sided Broadbill, and many others.

Sit down for lunch at the Lodge, then take a 2-hour Boat ride on Lake Albert for a sight of African fish eagles, saddle-billed storks, Papyrus gonolek, Goliath herons, Abyssinian ground hornbill, Senegal thick-knee, and many others.

Overnight at: Semliki Safari Lodge (luxury), Lake Mwamba Lodge (midrange), or Kirumia Guest House (budget).

Meal Plan: Breakfast, Lunch, and Dinner.

Day 11: Drive from Semliki National Park to Queen Elizabeth National Park

This morning, head to your next birding destination in Uganda, Semliki National Park. Break up the three to four-hour transfer with a stop en route for photography. When you get to the Park, take your bags to the Lodge and embark on a Lake Katwe tour to learn about salt mining.

In the afternoon, undertake a game drive to sight some of the animals that call the Park home- elephants, buffaloes, Uganda Kobs, Defassa waterbucks, Topis, and others.

Overnight at: Elephant Plains Lodge (luxury), Mweya Safari Lodge (midrange), or Simba Safari Camp (budget).

Meal Plan: Breakfast, Lunch, and Dinner.

Day 12: Morning game drive and afternoon boat ride on Kazinga Channel

Enjoy more of Queen Elizabeth National Park on this day with an early morning game drive in the spectacular wildlife-rich Kasenyi Plains. Hop on to a safari jeep and drive through the savannah in search of big game- elephants, Hippos, buffaloes, leopards, lions, and others. This is one of Uganda’s best places to see carnivores such as lions, leopards, and others as they prey on the abundant Uganda Kob population. A proper breakfast awaits you at the Lodge, followed by lunch and siesta.

In the afternoon, set off for the boat ride along the Kazinga Channel for a chance to see typical Queen Elizabeth National Park bird species. These include African skimmers, African fish eagles, Goliath herons, Pink-backed pelicans, slender-billed weavers, grey-headed kingfishers, Nubian woodpeckers, Great cormorants, African Jacana, Malachite Kingfishers, Black-headed weavers, Red-necked Doves, Great swamp warblers, and sacred Ibis, among others. After a full day of wildlife and bird spotting, return to the Lodge to unwind.

Overnight at: Elephant Plains Lodge (luxury), Mweya Safari Lodge (midrange), or Simba Safari Camp (budget).

Meal Plan: Breakfast, Lunch, and Dinner.

Day 13: Queen Elizabeth National Park to Bwindi Impenetrable National Park

Enjoy breakfast and get back on the road, traveling to Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, a 321-square-kilometer UNESCO World Heritage Site known for sheltering half of the World’s mountain gorilla population. The journey takes you through Queen Elizabeth National Park’s southern sector (Ishasha), where there’s a great chance of sighting tree-climbing lions. Stop for lunch at Simba Café and continue to Bwindi, arriving and checking in for a restful evening.

Overnight at: Buhoma Lodge (luxury), Engagi Lodge (midrange), or Ride 4 a woman Guesthouse (budget).

Meal Plan: Breakfast, Lunch, and Dinner.

Day 14: Ultimate Bwindi Gorilla Trekking Tour and afternoon village tour

Undertake your extraordinary gorilla trekking adventure on this day in the lush Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, covering 321 square kilometers and dating back over 25,000 years. This stunning forest is home to almost half the World’s mountain gorilla population, and the highest mammal species in Uganda, and over 350 bird species.

Led by experienced Rangers and guides, this gorilla trek through the thick vegetation leads to one of the habituated gorilla families and provides a chance to spend quality time with them. After 1-6 hours of searching, you will meet the mountain gorillas and spend one hour watching, learning, and taking photos.

The afternoon leads you to the local community to learn about the local cultures, traditions, and customs through a guided walk.

Overnight at: Buhoma Lodge (luxury), Engagi Lodge (midrange), or Ride 4 a woman Guesthouse (budget).

Meal Plan: Breakfast, Lunch, and Dinner.

Day 15: Morning Bwindi Forest Birding Tour and Drive to Ruhija Sector

Today, you will have an earlier-than-normal start to go to Munyanga River Trail. This is one of the most incredible places in Buhoma and a top birding spot. This is where you will most likely see African green pigeons, sunbirds (such as the blue-headed sunbirds), black bee-eaters, Black bee-eaters, Pel’s fishing owl, white-throated greenbul, red-headed bluebill, and many others. Due to the location of the trail, a packed breakfast and lunch will be taken in the field.

In the afternoon, you will head back to the Lodge to pack your bags and check out for a drive to the Ruhija sector.

Overnight at: Kiho Gorilla Lodge (luxury), Agandi Uganda Lodge (midrange), or Broadbill Forest Camp (budget).

Meal Plan: Breakfast, Lunch, and Dinner.

Day 16: Ruhija to Lake Bunyonyi

You will leave the lodge this morning nice and early, ready to enjoy your Ruhija birding tour. Before that, you will enjoy the lower elevations along the trail and a packed breakfast in the field.

Along Mubwindi swamp trail marked by marshy terrain and dense forest, possible bird species include Grauer’s swamp warbler, Doherty’s bushshrike, African green broadbill, Great blue Turaco, Lagden’s bushshrike, Grauer’s broadbill, Rwenzori Apalis, Handsome spurfowl, western crested Guineafowl, African green pigeon, Black-billed Turaco, Stripe-breasted Tit, Rwenzori double-collared sunbirds, Shelley’s crimsonwing, blue-headed sunbirds, African green broadbill, and many others.

After the Ruhija birding tour, you will transfer to Lake Bunyonyi, which is 3-4 hours away. Lunch will be taken on the road in a typical local restaurant, where you will be able to do some more birding before arriving at Lake Bunyonyi.

Overnight at: Arcadia Lodge Bunyonyi (luxury), Birdnest @Lake Bunyonyi (midrange), or Crater Bay Cottages (budget).

Meal Plan: Breakfast, Lunch, and Dinner.

Day 17: Lake Bunyonyi Birding Tour

This morning, you will set out on a Birding tour through Lake Bunyonyi, which is rightly considered to be among the top destinations to bird watch in the southwestern part of the country and Uganda as a whole. This Lake, with a depth of about 900 meters, protects over 200 bird species. After an early breakfast, you will go with a local guide through the pristine shores for a guided walk where you can spot the Red-eyed Dove, Grey-crowned cranes, Blue-headed Coucal, Cinnamon-chested bee-eater, Pied wagtail, African Jacana, White-tailed blue flycatcher, Great cormorant, Malachite Kingfisher, Pied Kingfisher, Black-headed weavers, African pied wagtail, white-eyed slaty-flycatcher, Baglafecht weavers, sacred Ibis, Black Kites, Tropical Boubou, and so much more. After this amazing morning of birding, you will return to the Lodge for lunch.

In the afternoon, you will head back to Lake Bunyonyi to enjoy a canoe ride for more bird species.

Overnight at: Arcadia Lodge Bunyonyi (luxury), Birdnest @Lake Bunyonyi (midrange), or Crater Bay Cottages (budget).

Meal Plan: Breakfast, Lunch, and Dinner.

Day 18: Drive to Kigali City

Leave the rolling hills of Lake Bunyonyi behind as you set off on a 5-6-hour transfer into Rwanda, the “land of a thousand hills”. Make stops along the way to see the beautiful mud houses, meet friendly locals, and continue to the border. Border crossing, clearing, and immigration take about one hour, and you will be introduced to the stunning hills and terraced slopes of Rwanda.

Check into the Hotel and rest for the remainder of the day.

Overnight at: The Retreat by Heaven (luxury), Hotel Des Mille Collines (midrange), or Flame Tree Village (budget).

Meal Plan: Breakfast, Lunch, and Dinner.

Day 19: Kigali City to Akagera National Park

Enjoy breakfast and transfer to Akagera National Park, which is located on the Eastern side of the country. First, have a short city tour that includes visits to the Kigali Genocide Museum, then stop for a cup of coffee before starting your 3-hour journey.

Check in your Lodge and enjoy the savannah views.

In the afternoon, enjoy a game drive through Akagera National Park with a sundowner to watch the sunset over the surrounding landscapes.

Overnight at: Magashi Camp (luxury), Akagera Game Lodge (midrange), or Karenge Bush Camp (budget).

Meal Plan: Breakfast, Lunch, and Dinner.

Day 20: Akagera morning game drive and afternoon boat ride on Lake Ihema

Early in the morning, start your Akagera National Park adventure with a game drive through the unspoiled region of the Protected Area. Traverse through the area, which is known for its gently rolling hills, sprawling savannah, Lakes and rivers, lowland swamps, and other areas. Expect sights of Defassa waterbucks, bushbucks, Masai giraffes, giant Elands, Oribis, impalas, lions, zebras, leopards, and many others.

In the afternoon, explore Lake Ihema in a 2-hour boat ride to try and find the aquatic and wetland-dwelling species that include Hippos, crocodiles, and birds- African fish eagles, shoebill storks, Papyrus gonolek, pelicans, Grey-crowned cranes, Malachite Kingfishers, among others. After this rewarding full day of wildlife and bird spotting, return to the Lodge to relax and have dinner.

Overnight at: Magashi Camp (luxury), Akagera Game Lodge (midrange), or Karenge Bush Camp (budget).

Meal Plan: Breakfast, Lunch, and Dinner.

Day 21: Akagera National Park to Nyungwe Forest National Park

Leave the rolling savannahs and the wildlife-rich expanses of Akagera National Park behind as you set off on an 8-hour transfer to Nyungwe Forest National Park. Stop at different villages along the way to enjoy views of traditional homes and meet the friendly locals before continuing to your final destination.

Overnight at: One & Only Nyungwe House (luxury), Nyungwe Top View Hill Hotel (midrange), or Gisakura Guesthouse (budget).

Meal Plan: Breakfast, Lunch, and Dinner.

Day 22: Nyungwe Birding Tour

In the morning, you will hop into a 4WD safari jeep to go to Nyungwe Forest National Park, which is home to several Albertine Rift endemics. You will explore the strenuous 13-kilometer Bigugu Trail that goes to the Park’s highest point and look out for the Red-collared Mountain babbler, Mountain masked Apalis, Stripe-breasted Tit, Chestnut owlet, Barred long-tailed Cuckoo, Handsome francolin, Blue-headed sunbirds, and Purple-breasted sunbirds among others.

However, there are several shorter birding trails you can explore in Nyungwe Forest National Park, and these include the Karamba Trail, Kamiranzovu Trail, Gisakura Trail, and Isumo Waterfall Trail, among others.

Following your exploration, you will return to the Lodge for lunch and continue with your adventure in the afternoon. You will go for the canopy walk, which provides views of forest canopies, primate species, and lots of birds.

Overnight at: One & Only Nyungwe House (luxury), Nyungwe Top View Hill Hotel (midrange), or Gisakura Guesthouse (budget).

Meal Plan: Breakfast, Lunch, and Dinner.

Day 23: Nyungwe Forest to Volcanoes National Park

After your previous day’s birding adventure in Nyungwe Forest National Park, a morning transfer takes you to Volcanoes National Park. Take the 5-hour ride with lots of breathtaking views along the way and get to the Lodge in time for lunch.

Overnight at: Sabyinyo Silverback Lodge (luxury), Five Volcanoes Boutique Hotel (midrange), or Kinigi Guesthouse (budget).

Meal Plan: Breakfast, Lunch, and Dinner.

Day 24: Morning Volcanoes Birding Tour and optional visit to Gorilla Guardian Village

It is another early morning today, as you depart your Hotel at first light for the transfer to Kinigi Park Headquarters for your Birding tour. Located in Northern Province, this premier birding area is home to over 180 bird species, 17 of which are endemic to the Albertine Rift region.

Some of the species to look-out for during the 3-hour bird walk include the Rwenzori batis, Archer’s ground robin, Rwenzori Turaco, Red-faced woodland warbler, Dusky crimsonwing, Palmnut vulture, Scarlet-tufted malachite sunbird, Kivu ground thrush, Strange weaver, Handsome francolin, Grauer’s rush warbler, Lagden’s Bush shrike, strange weaver, and many others.

In the afternoon, you will visit the Gorilla Guardian Village to learn about the culture and traditions of the people. Here, you have a chance to visit the King’s house replica, visit the traditional healer, attend banana beer brewing, and take part in local football matches with the locals.

Overnight at: Sabyinyo Silverback Lodge (luxury), Five Volcanoes Boutique Hotel (midrange), or Kinigi Guesthouse (budget).

Meal Plan: Breakfast, Lunch, and Dinner.

Day 25: Departure for Kigali, and onward flight

It is time to say goodbye to Rwanda! After a leisurely morning and final walk around the Lodge, you will be transferred to Kigali International Airport to catch your departing flight. Safe travels!

Inclusions;

• Uganda gorilla permit/s.
• Entry fees for National Parks and other sites.
• Chimpanzee tracking permit/s.
• 24 nights’ accommodation, plus meals.
• Rhino tracking permit/s.
• Driver allowances.
• Ground transport with a 4WD safari vehicle.
• Ranger fees.
• Bottled water.
• Relevant Government taxes and levies.

Exclusions;

• Gratuities to the driver, Lodge/Hotel staff, Park rangers, and porters.
• Porter fees.
• Visa fees.
• Domestic and International airfares.
• Laundry fees.
• Souvenir shopping.
• Cigarettes and drinks.
• Telephone expenses.